A total of 1 1,183 eligible 11C19 year olds were enrolled in the study and only 10 mothers refused (0

A total of 1 1,183 eligible 11C19 year olds were enrolled in the study and only 10 mothers refused (0.3%) to participate. had continuing nutrition stress which resulted in delayed growth, as measured at ages 11C19 years. Salivary pH demonstrated little clinically meaningful variability between malnourished and non-malnourished groups. Conclusion This study is the first to report of a continuing effect on diminished salivary gland function into adolescence as a result of early LAT antibody childhood malnutrition (EC-PEM) and suggests that exocrine glandular systems may be compromised for extended periods following EC-PEM, which may have important implications for the bodys systemic antimicrobial defenses. anthropometrically defined nutritional status categories were established. The study sample included 1,017 rural Haitian children, age 11C19 years old for which complete EC-PEM data was available. Stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow rates and pH were assessed using the protocol from the University of Malm? (Sweden) Department of Cariology for saliva secretion rate (18), and the Dentobuff? Strip System (19), respectively. This study was approved by the New York University Medical School Institutional Review Board. Study sample Inclusion criteria required that subjects were enrolled in the Haitain Health Foundation (HHF) and that their HHF records had 1) date of birth, and 2) two weights with date of weighting for at least three of the first five years of life. AZD4017 The studys sampling frame included 3,163 potential subjects for whom EC-PEM data as defined by the inclusion criteria were available with a final target of at least 1,000 subjects aged 11C19 years in 2005. Recruitment Two recruiters visited each study village AZD4017 between November 2004 and April 2005. Mothers of eligible children were invited to participate and gave their consent at that time. To ensure the independence of each study subject for analysis, recruitment was limited to only one child per household, with the oldest eligible and available child in any given household being enrolled in the study. A total of 1 1,183 eligible 11C19 year olds were enrolled in the study and only 10 mothers refused (0.3%) to participate. Examinations were conduced on 90.2% of the enrolled subjects (n = 1,058) and this report is based on the 1,017 children with complete data (96% of the examined subjects, or 86.0% of the originally recruited subjects). Categorizaton of the EC-PEM groups (exposure groups) All subjects in this study were categorized into one of three groups: severe EC-PEM, questionable EC-PEM, and normal (no evidence of AZD4017 EC-PEM). This categorization was based on the z-scores for the weight-for-age data of the subjects during their first five years of life for the period of 1988C96 as recorded in the HHF computerized database. These data had been used in a 10-year program evaluation study for USAID in 1998 and were found to be 95% accurate (20). All EC-PEM definitions used a z-score based upon the weight-for-age for each child on a given visit, which had been normalized using the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) data (15C17). A z-score of 0.00 indicates a weight-for-age equal to the median for a child of the same gender in the AZD4017 NCHS database. A z-score less than 0.00 indicates a weightCfor-age that is the indicated number of standard deviations below the median for a child of the same gender and age in the NCHS database, while a z-score of more than 0.00 indicates a weight-for-age that is above the median for a child. The NCHS database was selected for normalization to allow international comparisons as recommended by the WHO. For the birth through 5-years old age period, subjects were hierarchically classified by weight-for-age as severe (any z-scores ?2), questionable (any z-scores ?2 and ?1), and.